2022年10月山西自考《 语言与文化 》真题及答案解析

第一部分选择题
I.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)
1.The Spring Festival and Christmas have been celebrated for more than one thousand years.This example demonstrates that___.
A.culture is human specific B. culture is general and abstract
C. culture is a national phenomenon D.culture is a historical phenomenon
2.Which of the following key questions highlights the individual aspects of culture?
A. What is your greatest ambition?
B. What church may you join?
C.What is the money system you use?
D. What military organizations may you serve in?
3.What is communicated by the way in which a speaker or writer organizes a message, in terms of ordering, focus, or emphasis, is called__ meaning.
A. Affective B. Reflected C.thematic D. collocativeIn
4.In American English, the polite term for bathroom or toilet is___.
A.chamber B. basement C.fitting room D.rest room
5.a)It must be snowing, for it is so bright outside.
b）一定在下雪，外面这么亮。
The above pair of sentences shows the grammatical contrast between English and Chinese in
A.grammatical morphemes
B.subjects and objects
C.paratactic and hypotactic relations
D.recipients and modifiers
6.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.In English all prefixes are derivational morphemes.
B.B. In English all suffixes are inflectional morphemes.
C.Inflectional morphemes are also called grammatical morphemes.
D.When inflectional morphemes are attached to words, they do not change the wordclass of the words.
7.Among the various types of names,___are inherited.
A.given names B. surnames C.full names D.nicknames
8.Which of the following is NOT a common greeting in English?__
A.How do you do?B.How are you?C. Where are you going?
D. How is everything?
9.Which of the following proverbs is derived from the Bible?_
A. Carry coals to Newcastle.B. Marry in May, repent always.C. Homer sometimes nods.D. Never cast your pearls before swine.
10. The allusion "___" can be used to refer to a cruel, greedy, money-grabbing person.
A. a Romeo B. a Shylock  C.a Don Juan  D. an Uncle Tom
11. A white night refers to a.__ night
A. Sad B.sweet C.bappyD. sleepless
12.The English equivalent for“古铜色”is“_”
A.as brown as coffee B.as brown as copper C.as brown as a bear D. as brown as a berry
13. Which of the following is the appropriate reply to "Your English is very good"?
A.No,I don't think so.B. You praised me too much.C. It's very kind of you to say so.D.Not really, It is actually very poor.
14. Many_in English are related to Christian religious names or terms. For examolen"JesusChrist!"
A.euphemisms B.honourifics C.swear words D.terms of humility
15.In deductive argumentation, the central information normally represented by the topic sentence   the supporting information conveyed by supporting sentences.
A.follows B. Presents  C.precedes D. proceeds
16. A group of sentences that are juxtaposed in a(n)    fashion can never be treated as a text.
A.random B. Logical C.orderly D.ordinary
17. In___documents there are many archaic words that are used rarely in other varieties of English, as "hereby", "therein", etc.
 A. scientific B. Legal  C.technical  D. secretarial
18. To many English speakers and scholars, the writing system is used only to represent the    language, even though the writing system enables people to communicate through space and time.
A.oral  B. secondary C.old D. Modern
19. University students often leave their school bags on the classroom seats as a mark of   ownership.
 A. exclusive B.temporary  C. permanent D. temptable
20. No matter where we communicate with others, we would like to keep a comfortable   away from our interlocutors.
A.seat B.privacy C.direction D. distance
II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives cancomplete the statement, There is more than one correet answer to each question.(10%)
21. Which of the following are the important properties of language?
A. Language is arbitrary.
B. Language is systematic
C. Language is used for communication.
D. Language is used by both humans and animals.
22. Many English compounds and their equivalents in Chinese are formed differently, which can be illustrated by__
A.greenhouse vs 温室
B.breastpin vs 胸针
C.raincoat vs 雨衣
D.snakehead vs 照鱼
23. In English   morphemes can be called grammatical morphemes. A. Reflective B. inflectional C. derivational  D. derogative
24. What will a person in an English speaking country say when he or she receives a vase as birthday gift?
A.This is really what I want.
B. This vase is very nice. I'll get some flowers for it.
C. I've already got a vase like this.
D. This vase is very nice, but I don't know where to put it.
25. Which of the following are the features of idioms?
A. Most idioms are easy to learn.
B. Their patterns are often unusual.
C. Their meanings are unpredictable.
D. People can always tell the meaning of idioms from their forms.
26. In which of the following sentences is the word "black" associated with negative qualities?
A. Now every profession has of course got its black sheep.
B. Since he became manager, the company has been running in the black.
C. If your superiors take the same hopeless attitudes as you do, it will be a black day foryour country.
D. This letter is from your mother saying she agrees to your coming with me. Now wehave it in black and white.
27 which of the following may be used as the euphemism for “poor”in official documents?
A. needy B. penniless C. disadvantaged  D. underprivileged
28.It might be right to say that most English texts are developed linearly. And one may argue that the    style is an important feature of many English texts.
A. PlainB. spiralC.floweryD. Direct
29. In educational or academic activities     is given priority.
A.creativeness B. routine  C. originality  D.tradition
30. In English culture, touching or bodily contact between members of the opposite sex is than that between persons of the same sex.
 A. more acceptable B.more tolerable C. scarcer D. rarer
第二部分 非选择题
III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)
31. Language and culture is closely related,each influencing and  the other.
32.A collection of religious books comprising the Old Testament and New Testament is called the___ _.
33. It is often said that English is a language with emplicit grammar and Chinese a languagewith_ grammar.
34. The different responses to compliments between Chinese and Westem cultures areconnected to the contrast between individualism and__.
35. The implied or indirect references, or__________,not only make language richer but also make communication vivid and easier.
36. The English speaking people often associate “owls" with "_", not "misfortune".
37. The possible reason why an elderly Canadian professor feels offended by a china god of longevity as a birthday present is that he is sensitive to___
38. The speaker has available to him the whole range of_language (voice qualities,facial expressions, postures, gestures, etc.).
39.As a legendary creature,    in English is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce and cruel person, especially a woman. However, it is associated with the emperor in Chinese history.
40.As highly unintentional behaviors,     are usually responses to boredom or stress-proucing situations or responses closely related to negative feelings towardsthe ourselves or someone else.

IV.Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)
41. What is thought?
42. What culture-specific conceptual meaning do expresions "Niagara Falls", "The May Flower, and “Bible" convey respectively?
43.What is the most salient feature of the headline in English newspaper reporting?
44. What is proxemics?

V. Translation.(18%)
45.他步履缓慢，好像一动就会引起疼痛。
46.真对不起，浪费了您这么多时间。
47.做无米之炊。
48. He is not a man to act rashly.
49. red blooded
50. to be expecting (Note: Translate it with a Chinese euphemism.)
Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics. (20%)
51.Compare the following pair of sentences and illustrate how English and Chinese are different in sentence patterns.
a)Those who want to go please sign their names here
b)要去的人请在这里签名。
52 Use the following examples and discuss the similarities and differences between English and Chinese metaphors about ideas.
(Examples:精神财富；旧思想死灰复燃；That idea won't sell； He has a wealth of ideas.)